The perforating branches of the internal thoracic artery pierce through the internal intercostal muscles of the superior six intercostal spaces.
2.
Plastic surgeons may use either the left or right internal thoracic arteries for autologous free flap reconstruction of the breast after mastectomy.
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The "'anterior intercostal branches of internal thoracic artery "'supply the upper five or six intercostal spaces.
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The internal thoracic artery ( previously called as internal mammary artery ) then divides into the superior epigastric artery and musculophrenic artery.
5.
In one, the left internal thoracic artery ( internal mammary artery ) is diverted to the left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery.
6.
In adults with untreated coarctation, blood often reaches the lower body through collaterals, e . g . internal thoracic arteries via the subclavian arteries.
7.
It finally divides into numerous branches, which anastomose, above the umbilicus, with the superior epigastric branch of the internal thoracic artery and with the lower intercostal arteries.
8.
Running forward and medially along the upper border of the pectoralis minor, the superior thoracic artery passes between it and the pectoralis major to the side of the chest.
9.
The latter is one of three arteries branching off the thyrocervical trunk, a branch of the first part of the subclavian artery, with the other two branches being the vertebral artery and internal thoracic artery.
10.
Subclavian steal syndrome arises from retrograde ( reversed ) flow of blood in the vertebral artery or the internal thoracic artery, due to a proximal stenosis ( narrowing ) and / or occlusion of the subclavian artery.
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